Polo Ralph Lauren

Table of Contents Introduction Strategy and Management Market Mix Financial Analysis Conclusion References Introduction Polo Ralph Lauren is a clothing company started by Ralph Lauren and specializes in semi-formal casual wear for men, women and children (not as a unique specialization because the company also produces accessories, fragrances and other home clothing, such as home towels).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Polo Ralph Lauren specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Its products are however high-end and are well known throughout America and certain parts of Europe and Asia (Kent, 2003, p. 111). The company’s impact in the American fashion industry is profound, and this is the reason most of the company’s products are well known throughout the country. The company’s headquarter is in Manhattan, New York, but it has several outlets in Europe (in locations such as London) and As ia (in locations such as Japan). Polo Ralph Lauren is an appropriate company for this analysis because it has been in existence for a long time (since 1967) and therefore, there is an immense body of information regarding its strategies and goals. Emphasis on strategies and goals is made in this case because this study focuses on how the company’s current strategies are designed to meet the company’s goals and objectives. As mentioned earlier in this study, Polo Ralph Lauren was started in 1967 by Ralph Lauren, who only specialized in men’s wear, and more specifically, men’s ties (Kent, 2003, p. 111). The first store was opened in Manhattan, but in 1971, the company ventured into women’s clothing by starting another store in Beverly Hills, California (Kent, 2003, p. 111). In the early 80s, the company opened its first global store out of America (London), and by 1997, the company had already been listed in the New York stock exchange. In 2009, the company boasted of having more than 160 stores around the globe, with more than 24,000 employees in 31 countries (Wright, 2011). The company’s current threats are: competition, increase in counterfeit goods and the shaky world economy, which is significantly affecting the company’s sales because recent global financial downturns have eroded customer’s buying power, and more especially, the demand for high-end goods. Strategy and Management Polo Ralph Lauren’s business strategy is a mix of several strategies aimed at improving the company’s brand presence in the global map, and strengthening the competitiveness of the brand. These strategies are intertwined in a flexible brand strategy, developed along the lines of retail, wholesale and licensing, although the brand has still remained true to its identity) (Lauren, 2011, p. 1).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company’s mission statement is to â€Å"Redefine American style, provide quality products, create worlds, and invite people to take part in our dreams† (ChaCha Search, Inc., 2011, p. 1). The company’s strategic goals are however firmly designed to expand the company’s global presence because one core pillar of the company’s strategy is to continue building and extending the Polo Ralph Lauren brand, by improving the brand’s unique luxury design and quality. The company also expects to expand its brand strategy by focusing on its advertising and marketing strategies, and through this effort, the company expects to empower its retail stores to further uphold the brand strengthening strategy. This strategy is expected to be further complemented by excellent customer service, merchandize mixing, and visual presentation, which are meant to attract more customers and build on a strong brand strategy, designed to come up with new products (Lauren, 2011, p. 1). The second pillar in the company’s core strategy is to focus on specialty brand retail, where brand differentiation and position stand out to elevate the Polo Ralph Lauren brand above the competitors’. The company’s third pillar is closely associated with the first, because it is based on expanding the brand’s international presence. This strategy is based on expanding the brand’s operations through new product developments, sensitive to the host’s culture. The company’s managerial structure is also a strong pillar of the company’s operations. At the top of the managerial structure is the company’s chief executive office, assisted by the company’s vice president. The company’s chief executive officer has always been Polo Ralph Lauren and since the brand was personally built, the company has been subject to a hierarchical structure of management, where most of the decisions are made by the CEO (Lauren, 2011, p. 1). The management team is also comprised of other highly qualified individuals, with an impeccable academic qualification and sufficient experience in the fashion industry.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Polo Ralph Lauren specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Employee recruitment and selection is undertaken by an independent human resource team, but the employees undergo a thorough vetting process to assess the potential candidates’ experience in the fashion world, and how best they can be of value to the organization. A great part of the hiring process is normally undertaken online and candidates are sourced in the same manner. After selection, employees are taken through a training and development program, where they are oriented with how the organization works. The company’s internship program is also another strategy the company uses to nurt ure new talent through training and development. Market Mix Polo Ralph Lauren’s marketing mix entails the company’s distribution, promotion, competitive and product and price strategies. As mentioned earlier in this study, the company majorly deals in high-end clothing products for men, women and children, but on the side, the company also produces fragrances accessories, towels, and similar house ware materials, which are of exemplary quality, but priced relatively higher than normal brands. The company’s distribution strategy is characterized by a strong emphasis on the company’s retail outlets, although some of the company’s products are also moved through the wholesale channel. Depending on the market in question, the company majorly uses the two strategies. With regards to the company’s promotion strategy, a lot of emphasis is laid on advertising and branding, as opposed to public relations, direct selling or similar sales approaches. H owever, there is also a strong emphasis by the company to enrich its customer experience by guaranteeing high quality customer services. This is the core strategy used to retain its customers. However, the company majorly relies on its advertising and branding strategies to attract customers. Polo Ralph Lauren’s major competitor in the high-end clothing business is Louis Vuitton. Louis Vuitton’s strategy is also focused on international expansion, but its focus is majorly centered on reaching out to the growing number of wealthy customers in emerging markets such as China and India (Bloomberg, 2007). Financial Analysis Polo Ralph Lauren’s financial performance has been on a positive increasing trend, considering the company has experienced an increase in revenues over the past two years. With regards to the net income, Wright (2011) affirms that, â€Å"The fiscal 2011 net income was $568 million, or $5.75 per diluted share, compared to net income of $480 millio n, or $4.73 per diluted share, for Fiscal 2010† (p. 2).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When the company’s performance, in terms of net revenues, for the fourth quarter of the final 2011 fiscal period, compared to the same fourth quarter fiscal period, in the year 2010, it is affirmed that, there was a significant increase in net revenue of 7% from ($1.3 billion to $1.4billion) (Wright, 2011). The company’s profits are determined using the above parameters, it is affirmed that, there was a 3% increase in profit from the year 2010 to 2011. The company’s stock price is also on the upward trend, with the year 2011 witnessing an increased share price margin of +0.09%. The following chart shows the increase in the company’s stock prices: From this trend, the company seems to be making a positive growth, with regards to its financial performance Conclusion Polo Ralph Lauren’s strategies are very diverse and dynamic. Though most of the company’s strategies are forthright and tailored to deal with today’s competitive business e nvironment, the company seems to be significantly diverting from its core mission, which is to improve the American style of life and provide an enriching experience to its customers, by providing high quality goods. However, the company seems to focus more on an international strategy aimed at increasing its profitability and expanding its brand presence. This seems to be a strategy adopted to overcome its competitive challenges. In other words, it is more outward oriented, than internally motivated. Regardless, the company seems to be doing well, with regards to its financial performance and marketing mix, because it has been able to experience increased profitability in recent financial postings. Comprehensively, the company needs to put more effort in merging its strategies with its core business goals. References Bloomberg. (2007). Louis Vuitton’s Life of Luxury. Web. ChaCha Search, Inc. (2011). What Is Polo Ralph Lauren’s Mission Statement? Web. Kent, J. (2003). Business Builders in Fashion. New York: The Oliver Press, Inc. Lauren, R. (2011). Growth Strategies. Web. Wright, K. (2011). Polo Ralph Lauren Corporation Reports Financial Results for Fourth Quarter Full Year 2011 – NYSE: RL. Web. This research paper on Polo Ralph Lauren was written and submitted by user Jazlynn H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Guide to Writing Argumentative Essay in Technology Advance Your Essay Writing

Guide to Writing Argumentative Essay in Technology Advance Your Essay Writing What is an Argumentative Essay in Technology? The aim of an argumentative essay on any topic requires you to provide a clear opinion about a certain issue as well as support it with relevant evidence. Considering the diverse peculiarities of different fields, it is crucial to consider various sides of your specific area and topic. Thus, you should explicitly present your viewpoint by regarding only a particular side of the issue as the compelling one. With the aforementioned academic concepts in mind, you can proceed to the essay writing on various areas, one of which is the field of Technology. As the area is widely analyzed from various perspectives, you can focus on any topic and write an argumentative paper in Technology. Choosing a Topic for an Argumentative Essay in Technology First and foremost, you should narrow down the broadness of the issue. As it is highly recommended for this type of writing to be straight to the point, you should come up with a topic that presents a specific issue in any technological aspect. In order to successfully write the essay, you should do the research and gain relevant expertise in the peculiarities of the subject. Moreover, the topic should be connected with something that you are passionate about so that you can present arguments from the perspective of a specialist. Some of the most captivating areas that you may want to dwell upon could concern the role of technology in reproduction and health, technical experiments on humans, as well as robotics and communication technology. Hence, the examples of the topics for your argumentative essay on technology could be the following: Should Mechanical Reproduction be Considered Ethically and Morally Appropriate? Technology Has to Be Used to Make Human Regeneration an Ultimate Reality; Genetic Engineering Has no Limits, and Its Research Can Never Go Too Far; The Technology of Brain-Controlled Mechanisms Could Have Dangerous Implications; Nanobot Drones Pose a Substantial Threat to the Existence of Humanity; Are Electronic Books More Practical Than the Paper Ones? Cloud Computing and Machine Learning Eradicate Conventional Methods in Education. Pre-Writing Tips Choosing a topic for an argumentative essay in Technology is a substantial challenge. However, you can ask the instructor to clarify the research area in order to eliminate the vagueness of your task and make it more specific. After the topic selection process, you can proceed with planning your argumentative essay. To fully grasp the requirements, carefully read the assignment sheet as well as any relevant information from the textbook. Besides, should the assignment be complicated, you can always consult the instructor. Considering that your task is to write an argumentative essay, you should recognize that it is necessary to provide your perspective of the issue and persuade the audience in the reasonability of the arguments. Next, after you defined the topic and understood your assignment, determine the idea of the topic, and get enough knowledge about it. When setting a topic idea of your argumentative essay in Technology, you should focus on different perspectives of the issue and present your position in the thesis statement. You will also need to find evidential support for the arguments regarding the topic, which implies searching for additional sources. The substantial amount of data on Technology for your essay can be found on the Internet. You can search for sources on the topic at Google Scholar, websites focused on research and technology news, or science magazines for a non-professional audience. In addition, you may find sources at your school or college library. While looking for the information, you should remember that all the data must be drawn from credible sources only. What is more, you have to consider logos, pathos, and ethos before starting your writing process. Make your arguments logical, consider the audiences emotions, and appeal to the moral values. All these features contribute to a better perception of your argumentative essay by readers. Hence, you should plan how you will implement these principles in advance. Finally, before proceeding to the writing process, connect the research data into a well-developed and structured outline of your essay. In particular, you should extract the relevant information and use it as evidence to support your arguments. Moreover, an outline will guide you through the huge amount of data and structure of your argumentative essay. Divide the paper into introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion, think of the potential hook and topic sentences, as well as determine the way of audience-appealing techniques. This step is essential for your writing as it defines the structure, cohesiveness, and as a result, the effectiveness of your argumentative essay. Structure of an Argumentative Essay in Technology Similar to any argumentative essay, a paper in Technology should comply with the standard form of academic essay expanded with one or more refutation paragraphs. Thus, your essay should start with an introduction, present your arguments and counterarguments in the body paragraphs as well as refutation sections, and summarize your ideas in a conclusion. Even though a common approach to writing an argumentative essay is the five-paragraph method, the number of paragraphs may vary with the word count limit. In addition, your structure could be expanded due to the necessity to cover the topic effectively. Despite this fact, your writing should always include paragraphs with the argumentation of your position as well as the most potent aspects of the counter-side. With an outline, it would be easier to determine the proper structure of your Technology argumentative essay. Introduction The introductory paragraph of your essay should capture readers attention by providing general background knowledge on the chosen topic. In other words, you should be concise and introduce the issue in the most interesting and convincing way. As an example, if your topic focuses on the subject of brain-controlling technologies, you can underline the peculiarities of the rapid development of this innovation during the present time. If you introduce the issue in such a way, the audience will be aware of the topicality of the problem and its potential implications on humanity. This implies that the presentation of your essay may also appeal to the audiences emotions, which in turn makes the readers prone to empathize with your viewpoint. The last and the most influential part of the introduction is a thesis statement. It is usually written as the ending sentence of the introductory paragraph. As your thesis serves as a guide for your whole essay, it should comprise all critical ideas of your argumentation. You have to make sure that a thesis statement is clear and thoroughly answers the topic question. The central aspect of your thesis statement is that it should present your position towards the issue and provide the most persuasive arguments that support your point of view. Do not create a thesis statement similar to this example: ‘The technology of brain control is dangerous for society as it can get out of human monitoring reach.’ Such a thesis statement does not indicate any aspects of the technologys peculiarities and presents only a single and unreasoned argument of the issue. On the contrary, the following example is explicit and could be used in your Technology argumentative paper: ‘Despite being a beneficial and rapidly-developing innovation, brain-controlling technology poses a significant threat to international society due to the substantial complexity of its operation, harmful impact on peoples health, and relatively high maintenance costs.’ You can see that the issue is thoroughly analyzed and crucial technological, healthcare, as well as economic arguments for the brain-controlling technologys inefficiency are present in this thesis example. Moreover, the thesis presents a counter-argument of ones position as it underlines that innovation has benefits for humanity. Finally, such a thesis statement clearly indicates the structure of the further body paragraphs. Therefore, this thesis serves as a robust example and can be used in your argumentative essay in Technology. Body Paragraphs When you proceed with the body-section writing, it is crucial to ensure that you present only one idea in each paragraph. Each point of your thesis should be stated in the topic sentences of your body section. You have to explain your arguments and support them with relevant pieces of evidence. Besides, do not forget that all retrieved data in your argumentation essay in Technology must be drawn from relevant sources. Finally, body paragraphs will be more appealing to the audience if you provide opposing viewpoints and refute them with your argumentation. For the audience to consider the critical points in your argumentation, you should not only present the complete agreement or disagreement with the topic issue but also strengthen your opinion with the scientific evidence. As an example of one body paragraph, if your essay focus is the healthcare argument of the social danger of brain-controlling technology, you should underline the existing examples of the innovations negative implications on brain neurons and the skull. It is highly recommended to refer to statistics and other relative data that would support this particular argument. However, you should anticipate the attempt to refute the argument and answer it with a profound response. On the example of the aforementioned topic and the argument, you may acknowledge that the direct surgical intervention in the human brain can be substituted with the brain implants, which do not interfere with the brain’s structure. However, you can defy such a counter-argument by claiming that there is still a potential risk of brain damage as implants have to be installed onto the brain surface. Therefore, the refutation section makes you an unbiased researcher. Such an aspect captivates the readers and prevents their questioning of your essays credibility. By approaching the issue from both perspectives, you are guaranteed to show the relevant competency in the subject and make your argumentative essay in Technology more appealing to the audience. Conclusion The concluding section of your argumentative essay should bear resemblance with the introduction of your paper. Here, you are required to summarize a thesis statement and each argument from the body section. Similar to the introduction, the conclusion should appeal to the audiences emotions and enforce the argumentation of your opinion. You should also keep in mind that the paragraph only ties the central aspects of the essay and cannot introduce new arguments or facts. When writing a conclusion of your Technology paper, you can summarize your ideas and transfer their implications on the current state of affairs. In particular, in the concluding paragraph, you may appeal to the audience via a comparison of the contemporary technological achievements to those of the old times as well as the potential development of innovations in the future. However, the sphere of technology is extensive, and your conclusion always has to correspond to the topic and the issue you dwell upon throughout your essay. Hence, it is your last opportunity to appeal to the audience by presenting the peculiarities of your topics specific aspects. Post-Writing Tips Having written the last sentence of your Technology argumentative essay that does not mean that your task is finished. You should always proofread and revise the essay and correct grammar, punctuation, and stylistic errors. Next, reassure that all the sources are credible and you have used the appropriate citation style. There are also several key aspects that you have to consider while proofreading an argumentative essay in Technology. First and foremost, check whether you have provided a reasonable position towards the topic issue. As the aim of such type of academic writing is to state your viewpoint and support it with evidence, you have to ensure that the essay does not merely present naked facts. Then, analyze all the structural components of your paper. This stage is crucial as you have to ensure that your introduction provides sufficient background information and clear thesis statement; that body paragraphs contain topic sentences, relevant arguments, and the refutation section; that conclusion gives the summary of your argumentative paper and restates a thesis from the introduction. The structure of an essay is its essential part, and you have to make sure that all the components comply with the requirements. Finally, evaluate your successfulness of logos, pathos, and ethos usage. The best argumentative essays are those that are logical, appeal to the audiences emotions, and speak to the moral values. Your paper should incorporate all these factors in order not only to receive a high mark but to achieve the appreciation of the readers. Therefore, the above-mentioned post-writing tips will assist you in enhancing the quality of the argumentative essay in Technology. These recommendations will help you improve your writing skills and in turn, ensure that the readers are impressed with your paper.â€Æ' Argumentative Essays. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/academic_writing/essay_writing/argumentative_essays.html Fleming, G. (2019). Tips on How to Write a Solid Argument Essay. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/write-an-argument-essay-1856986 Gibson, E. (2016). The benefits and downsides of mind-controlled machines. Retrieved from bbc.com/future/story/20161111-the-benefits-and-downsides-of-mind-controlled-machines Kearney, V. (2019). 100 Technology Topics for Research Papers. Retrieved from https://owlcation.com/academia/100-Technology-Topics-for-Research-Paper Kearney, V. (2019). How to Write an Argumentative Essay Step by Step. Retrieved from https://owlcation.com/academia/How-to-Write-an-Argument-Essay

Company Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Company Law - Essay Example However, under certain circumstances, it has been identified that courts may disregard this principle. Correspondingly, corporate veil is a legal notion that separates the characteristics of a business from that of the characteristics of its shareholders, which further defends the shareholder from becoming liable for the debts and other legal obligations associated with the company. It simply signifies that the creditors of the company cannot claim personal assets of the owner; instead, they could claim only for the assets related to the entity2. In this regard, lifting the corporate veil is another legal notion of the company law enacted in the UK which is intended to signify that there is no distinction between the rights and duties of a corporate body and its members. In this context, it has been noted that, lifting the corporate veil will no longer make the owner or investors of the company to enjoy the benefits or protection as per the law related to the corporate body. Simultan eously, the notion of lifting the corporate veil will also make shareholders of the company liable for any probable debts and liability owned by the corporate body3. Based on this context, the paper will highlight the various aspects related with the company law of the UK and the reluctance of the UK courts to lift the corporate veil, except in the most exceptional cases. U.K Company Law and Corporate Veil The UK company law comprises specific standards and regulations regarding the corporate operations in the UK. One of the prime intentions of the law is to set regulations regarding the claims of the corporate body. It has been noted that there are various approaches, which companies adopt in order to conduct their business; out of which, certain approaches might not be in favour of the stakeholders of the company. In order to limit those approaches, the government of the country are often engaged in developing the company laws. The laws mainly intend to ensure proper conduct of th e companies, which are both legal as well as ethical at the same time. The companies in the UK are primarily governed under the Company Act 2006, which was recently amended in the year 2009. The updated or revised presentation of the UK company law is further observed to be quite simple as well as more flexible, which further facilitates in easy understanding of the rules and regulations by the corporate members. The revised edition of the law aims at enhancing the liabilities of the shareholders towards its various business operations4 5. Lifting the Corporate veil is one of the sections or contents of the UK company law that falls under the Companies Act 2006. It is fundamentally referred to the decision of the law, which signifies that any claim or the liability of the corporate body is separable to the members of the corporate entity. Accordingly, when a creditor of the company discovers that a debtor or the company is insolvent, the creditor of the company usually seeks to reco ver the debt from the members of the company including directors, shareholders and at times, with the associate of the company. In such scenario, when assets of the company are insufficient to meet the claims of creditors, the court may make the members of th

Pros of Gay Marriage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pros of Gay Marriage - Research Paper Example 1). Allowing same sex couples to marry support the basic principles of American democracy. Further, by legalizing same sex marriages, same sex relationships are legitimatized. In addition, through the approval of same sex marriages, heterosexual marriages are neither harmed nor compromised in any way; but would strengthen homosexual relationships. In this regard, one contends that same sex marriages should be allowed and state legislatures should approve same sex marriage in all states. When state legislations allow same sex couples to marry, they abide by the basic principles of American democracy, to wit: â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights ... [and] that to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed† (Head, 2006, p. 3). By disallowing same sex marriages through the Defense of Marriage Ac t (DOMA), enacted by Congress in 1996, â€Å"which bars federal recognition of same-sex marriages and allows states to do the same† (NCSL:Same Sex Marriage, 2011, p. 1), the government is in fact issuing legislations contrary to the basic principles of democracy. As emphasized by Head (2006), â€Å"if we amend the Constitution to restrict rights, rather than to protect them, we set an ominous precedent† (p. 3). ... Head (2006) stressed that â€Å"state bans on gay sex were ineffective at banning gay sex, and state bans on gay marriage are equally ineffective at preventing lesbian and gay couples from having weddings, exchanging rings, and spending the rest of their lives together† (p. 4). Legitimizing their union would therefore promote values of accepting their partnership as a reality of live that exists in social circles the world over. Likewise, Jost (2003), in his article on â€Å"Gay Marriage† published in the CQ Researcher indicated that by legalizing the union between same sex spouses, children being raised by them would be acknowledged. The same article cited the U.S. Census Bureau (2000) as disclosing that 43% of unmarried couples have children, where 22.3% are same sex male couples and 34.3% are same sex female couples (Jost, 2003, p. 725). The all important question raised by Head (2006) was â€Å"if the legal institution of marriage is good for the children of hetero sexual parents, why should the children of lesbian and gay couples be punished by their government simply because of the sexual orientation of their parents† (Head, 2006, p. 5)? Laumann (2002) cited in American Academy of Pediatrics revealed the findings that â€Å"No data have pointed to any risk to children of growing up in a family with one or more gay parents† (p. 344). Finally, through the approval of same sex marriages, heterosexual marriages are neither harmed nor compromised in any way; but would strengthen homosexual relationships. The advocates of same sex marriage and their supporters have argued that legitimizing same sex unions would not affect or influence the rate of matrimony or the incidence of

Social Groups in American History Essay Example for Free

Social Groups in American History Essay After WWII women, African-Americans, Hispanics, and Whites all set out to establish a set of desires and wants we call the American Dream. Not just to have money and be successful but to ensure that all men are equal, to have the freedom to do what we want and practice our beliefs, and to fight for policies in government that benefit the good of our people. Throughout the American history, we have been through many challenging times in which these freedoms and desires have been tested. Nevertheless, through it all, these situations have made us stronger as a united nation and taught us what it really means to be American. During the war women were encouraged to take jobs that men would do for the first time in history. To some it was a surprise but to many it was a sign of the times. â€Å"By 1942 a poll showed that only 13% of Americans disagreed with women in the workforce† (Brinkly, pg.751) Many of them also joined and became war nurses in which they helped many of the men recuperate. Many women were extremely well at making war time products and took the place of men. During the war women foresaw many diverse opportunities and advancements in their lives. â€Å"Even though there were many laws restricting women from working they still managed to come through for our country.† (Gorn, pg.140) For once women were not just considered as a reproducer but as a producer itself. After the war the men had returned home and measures to push women back to how it used to be began. â€Å"In 1945, 3/4 of the women surveyed by the Womens Bureau of the Department of Labor wished that they could continue working which showed their interests in the skills they obtained.† (Brinkley, pg.752) Women were determined to push forward a claim their spot in society. This pushed for a new movement of better educated and stronger women. When African American soldiers returned they found a nation that still did not give them full rights, this caused a movement for the expansion of civil rights which had been born. Most black soldiers who had left their farm jobs in the South decided not to come back home at all. Instead, they moved to cities, looking for employment that was related to what they had learned in the army. The civil rights movement was a time when blacks that were oppressed for several years, rose up against the odds to achieve their freedom. This movement stimulated a growth in the black migration to cities. â€Å"On December 1, 1955 Rosa Parks changed America forever when she was arrested in Montgomery, Alabama for refusing to give up her seat to a white passenger on a city bus.† (Brinkley, pg.881) When Rosa Parks was asked to give up her seat to a white woman, she refused because she was annoyed with the treatment that African Americans received. She was later thrown in jail for disregarding the law. This led to an uprising and many protest against the judge’s action. Through unity, education and courage the African Americans claimed their independence. After WWII America it self became less influenced in religion. â€Å"In the 1960s, many social critics had predicted the virtual extinction o religious influences in American life.† (Brinkley, pg. 892) Religion during this time took a change rather then it being extinct more and more people began to turn to Christianity. From the 70s till the early 90s religious effort grew rapidly. When families that were in poverty began to rise up this led them into the growing middle class. America stated to see more time devoted to religious practices. This marked a new beginning in American history. As apart of the growing middle class more families stated having extra income to support a growing family. America itself during this time became known as the baby boomer generation. â€Å"At the peak of the baby boom, during the 1950s, the nation population grew by 20 percent.† (Brinkley, pg.790) The baby boom generation was the result in the rapidly growing economy in which a family’s income was rapidly increasing. Also housing prices and the new GI bill made it easier for citizens to progress. All over the U.S. white Americans were living the American Dream. During the early 1960s and 70s many citizens did not agree to why the U.S. was at war with Vietnam. Many men had no desire to be apart of the war. â€Å"The Selective Service System, which was used to carry out the draft, had aspirations of directing soldiers into areas where they were most needed during wartime.† (Brinkley, pg.870) The draft made it possible for government to supply the war with enough troops to protect our country. Many people took advantage of the draft system’s postponement policies to avoid going away to war. Others refused to go or basically did not register. There were also people who left the country to escape the draft. Draft cards were burned publicly, schools walked out in protest of the war, and even special music events were used to stop the war. With all this negative actions against the war, it was very hard for the soldiers to fight a war when their country did not support them for putting their lifes on the line. During the 60s Hippies were mostly defiant young people who sought for change in U.S. life style. Hippies experimented with many innovative ideas for the 60s. The Hippie movement began in San Francisco in the 1960’s. It was a different way to live life. â€Å"Closely related to the New Left was a new youth culture openly scornful of the values and conventions of middle class society.† (Brinkley, pg.856) The Hippie movement was a rebellious uprising which displayed efforts against war. Many Americans did not agree with the Hippy way of life because of there beliefs of free sex, drugs, their image and their music. Migrant workers went through a lot of struggles. During the 60s for one person this struggle was enough to fight for. Cesar E. Chavez founded and led the first successful farm worker’s union in U.S. history. â€Å"Caesar Chavez began with grape pickers in the town of Delano In 1965 and quickly gained converts in California’s enormous factory fields† (Gorn pg.297) In September 1965, Cesar’s NFWA, with more than 1200 members, joined in AFL-CIO sponsored union in a strike towards the major Delano area table and wine grape producers. Cesar led a successful five-year strike-boycott to the millions of supporters to the UFW, United Farm Workers.† He put together a nationwide support association of unions, church groups, students, minorities and consumers.† (Brinkley, pg.861). The two organizations merged in 1966 to form the UFW, and it became affiliated with the AFL-CIO. By 1970, the boycott influenced most grape growers to sign contract with UFW. Through out history we have seen many great examples and great role models that have changed America’s society greatly. African American, Hispanic, or even gender issues have all took a new approach and gained it independence buy fighting for freedom and prosperity. The American Dream has always been a set goal for Americans and as long as we are democratic society we will fight for our rights and aim towards a better way of living. Works Cited Brinkley, Alan. American History, a Survey, Volume Two, Twelfth Edition. Gorn, Elliot J. Constructing the American Past: A Source Book of a People’s History, Volume Two, Sixth Edition.

New Social Movements, how they arose and affect us. Essay -- essays re

What factors account for the rise of new social movements and what effect have they had on contemporary society? We are all familiar with the stories of suffragettes burning their bras, and environmental enthusiasts breaking into labs and liberating rats back to the wild. But what caused women to abruptly rip of their pinnies, tell dad dinner’s in the dog and start running around without appropriate underwear? What caused contented homemakers to leave the cosy warmth of their gas fires in favour of chaining themselves to trees? And are such people an eccentric minority, or have they profoundly affected the way we live and think in the western world today? To address these questions I will begin by defining New Social Movements (or NSMs). To follow I will break down a few movements in more detail, first discussing what they stand for, and then examining how they originated and matured. In the latter section I will try to determine the scope and boundaries of their influence on contemporary society. Quite strict guidelines have emerged as to what a New Social Movement is, and the kind of characteristics a political movement must have to classify as an NSM. Dalton and Kuechler suggest: ‘A set of opinions and beliefs in a population that represents preferences for changing some elements of the social structure and/or the reward distribution of society’. However, by this definition anyone with any concern for any aspect of pollution, nuclear power, the quality of life and many other issues is a member of the social movement. Most writers agree there are more definitive ways of identifying an NSM. ‘They have ideological, organisational and tactical aspects.’ (Lovenduski and Norris, 1996) The ideological side is the most ambitious and romantic: ‘ . . . social movements are challengers which seek to change the agenda of the system in which they work. They advance ideas which, to be realised, would require fundamental and widespread change in policies and in values – change which may be partially achieved through government action and legislation, but can not be wholly achieved in this way. They raise issues which question the dominant values that constitute the political culture of their society, and hence have a ‘political’ and ‘cultural’ dimension. They aim to change people attitudes on a personal as well as public level.’ The organisational side is ... ...provided the opportunity for extreme growth and broader and deeper support networks – which led to international organisations and further networking. The shift in the government’s position regarding society and its decision in favour of their causes justified and stabilised NSMs. There is now a sway towards socialism and libertarianism as in the new millennium we demand our individual rights and equality, but whether NSMs caused this or were a manifestation of it difficult to be sure about. Most likely they are mutually supporting pillars, but it is undeniable that NSMs have had a profound effect on our society and expectations. Our culture now accepts the diversity inherent in people and has a more citizen orientated set of interests with a dedication that gives our generation today the impression it has always been the way. A far cry from the slavery and the legal inferiority of women of not so long ago. NSMs have forced a new caution regarding technological and industrial progress, and they have modified the priorities, structure, and position of government. They have liberalised our attitudes towards the family, sex, drugs, film and literature, for better or for worse.

Effects of Government Bailout of General Motors as Viewed by Two Contrasting Government Control Views

Legal Environment of Business Legal Environment of Law – Paper 1, Spring 2009 â€Å"Effects of government bailout of General Motors as viewed by two contrasting government control views† Summary This report is based on the notes I took listening to a debate I overheard from two of the presenters, Jurgis and Equality, at a business seminar I attended. The topic of the debate was the need for the government to provide more assistance to General Motors, who already received stimulus payments but due to the economic recession, is still in peril. Jurgis had the socialistic view that the more government involvement and influence the better. Jurgis believed that employers, working conditions, and the positions themselves should be regulated by the government. Equality had an opposing view of capitalism, and the need to limit the involvement of the government and let the economy work itself out. Equality felt there was enough support for the employees without need for any more mandated by the government. In conclusion I agree with many of the aspects Equality presented. General Motors was already given assistance; they need to be given the chance and motivation to try to rescue themselves. In history it’s been proven that the economy will right itself, government involvement has a tendency to make the situation worse. While attending a business seminar on the impacts of further oil shale development in the United States, I became fascinated with two contrary presenters. Jurgis promoted the thought that we need more laws and government control to protect us from ourselves. Equality had a laissez-faire view of government involvement. Equality felt that the government should have limited power and control over the people and marketplace. After the seminar I noticed Jurgis and Equality having a conversation and decided to tag along and listen to their conversation. Jurgis and Equality were discussing the government bailout of General Motors and the proposal for additional money needed; since the first extension period is almost up and the first disbursement of funds did little to help General Motors. Due to the economic recession people have stopped buying new cars and General Motors has not yet sold their December production. Jurgis argued that the government must intervene to protect employee’s jobs and welfare by instituting more laws and regulations to protect the workers as well as providing economic subsidies. Jurgis said that if General Motors should be allowed to fail then the loss of jobs will pit man against man, something Jurgis knows about. â€Å"In Russia, there were rich men who owned everything† [ (Sinclair, p. 13) ] Jurgis argues that without regulation and control with regard to the employee than the conditions he suffered through in Russia will return. I remembered from my business law class that before unions and regulation, â€Å"Workers, often women and sometimes children, worked 60 to 70 hours per week and sometimes more, standing at assembly lines in suffocating, dimly lit factories, performing monotonous yet dangerous work with heavy machine ry† [ (Samuelson, p. 403) ], we do need some form of workplace regulation. Equality disputed the need for increased government help and regulation, every man should work to achieve for himself, not the common good. Equality said that he was once told â€Å"Many men in the Homes of the Scholars have had strange new ideas in the past†¦ but when the majority of their brother Scholars voted against them, they abandoned their ideas, as all men must† [ (Rand, p. 73) ], this kind of mentality only suppresses the people, it doesn’t help them. He doesn’t want to return to a society that has no respect for individualism, only what benefits the whole. Equality fears that if we allow the government some control over General Motors, its workers, and operation, then eventually more and more control will be given until every aspect of life and even death is controlled. Jurgis told Equality about the working conditions and life he had lived because there was no regulation, no union to represent and bargain for the worker. Jurgis explained how his wife had gotten a job for a packer, and the woman she replaced was let go only because she was sick, not due to performance. Someone must look out for the workers, and the government has a responsibility to be this regulator. I remember from my business law book a story of miners working conditions â€Å"Temperatures in the mines were well over 100 degrees. Miners drank more than three gallons of water every day. Some suddenly collapsed†¦ Within minutes they were dead, but even before they died, their places in the mine were taken by other workers desperate for pay. † This was when unions developed to protect and fight for the workers. Equality said the people should be allowed to prosper or fail on their own, let General Motors control its own fate. For every amount of power that is given to the government, there is a corresponding loss of personal freedom and in the case of General Motors, economic success. And if the government keeps bailing out General Motors and other companies, what are we telling these companies? General Motors was already given a disbursement to aid their financial situation; if they chose to misuse this bailout then maybe they deserve to fail. Equality said that â€Å"There is nothing to take a man’s freedom away from him, save other men. To be free, a man must be free of his brothers. That is freedom. This and nothing else. † [ (Rand, p. 101) ] Each man must have the ability to provide for themselves, even if it is in competition and at the cost of another man. As I listened to Jurgis and Equality debate, I remembered that under statute 9 of the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 â€Å"†¦ the union will represent all the designated employees, regardless of whether a particular worker wants to be represented. † [ (Samuelson, p. 407) ]. Equality argues that each person should be responsible for him or herself and have the right to choose if, when, who, or how they should be represented. But Jurgis said that some workers may not realize that they need representation, or work in bad or illegal conditions. This is the case with child labor, laws are needed to limit child labor, and someone must also represent them. The government should not only provide the money needed to keep General Motors going, but also increase its oversight of the company making sure that the employees are taken care of. Jurgis told Equality that there are people that are above the law like the man that made his wife Ona bend to his wishes at the threat of her family. When Jurgis found out about this and confronted and assaulted the man, Jurgis was the one that was hauled off and given an unfair trial. Jurgis had to spend 30 days in jail, and his family paid the price. As far as Jurgis is concerned this type of power and wealth needs to be controlled by the government to make sure that every man has value and a say in his life. There are so many workers for General Motors that the government must help it keep going to keep these workers employed, safe, and able to live. Equality told Jurgis of a similar, but opposing story from his life. From birth he was told what he was, how he would live and even die. You were assigned an occupation, there was no occupational protection provided; you did as the government told you until you were no longer valuable to society. When you were deemed worthless you reported to house of the dying to live out the few remaining moments of your life. â€Å"We are nothing. Mankind is all. By the grace of our brothers are we allowed our lives. We exist through, by and for our brothers who are the State. Amen. † [ (Rand, p. 20) ] This was the only prayer aloud. Jurgis argued that we need a society and government based on socialism, that it’s the responsibility of the majority to look after its people. By giving General Motors the aid they require in return for some control over the company, its operations, and employees, we would move toward socialism. Jurgis felt that he owed his life to socialism, and that it was the answer to any problem he faced or had endured. Equality on the other hand continued to argue that the government needed to be controlled and that society needed to be based on capitalism. As power was given to the government little by little, its overall control over society grew until it was the controller. Equality argues this point with bailout and help of General Motors. By giving aid the government in turn acquires power over the company, its share holders, and employees themselves. In conclusion I agree that extended help in the form of funds may not be the best way to help General Motors. Since this aid comes with strings attached, the government does indeed move to the socialist schema. As described in the video on the American form of government [ (http://www. imp. com/thegovernment/, 2008) ] the state of government is always moving to a monarchy or oligarchy. Any move away from a system based on a republic ideology always ends with an oligarchy. But this is a continuing cycle, as seen in a rudimentary way in Anthem. General Motors has already had some assistance, now it should be left alone. There are enough current laws and government involvements to make s ure that the employees are at the least, treated fairly. Though some may end up temporarily unemployed ore are pushed to find a different type of work, these people will make it. Should General Motors fail, another company will step into its shoes and fill the void. There is too much need for their products for them to simply disappear. Bibliography http://www. wimp. com/thegovernment/. (2008). Retrieved from http://www. wimp. com/thegovernment/: http://www. wimp. com/thegovernment/ Rand, A. (1995). Anthem. New York, NY: SIGNET. Samuelson, B. (2008). Legal Environment, Third Edition. Mason, OH: South-Western, Cengage Learning. Sinclair, U. (2004). The Jungle. New York, NY: Pocket Books, a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc.